Aristotle s Theory Of The Four Causes - 2055 Words

a) Explain Aristotle’s theory of the Four Causes. (25) Aristotle was a student of Plato and although he admired his work, he didn’t necessarily agree with it. It is said that Plato and Aristotle represent two contrasting approaches to philosophy; Plato emphasises the world of idea and reason as the sources of knowledge, whereas, Aristotle emphasises the physical world and the experience as the basis of knowledge. Therefore, Aristotle rejected the dualist view of the world and Plato’s understanding of the (pre-existing) soul. He refused to believe that objects and things that existed in our material world were â€Å"imitations† of the perfect forms as Plato had suggested. Firstly, Aristotle was an ‘empiricist’ and believed that the world we live in is the only place in which we can have true knowledge because it is only through our sense experience and posteriori knowledge that we came to understand and acknowledge things. He emphasised the value of studying the physical world instead of creating a link between another world of â€Å"perfect forms†. Aristotle very much believed and relied on an empirical approach; he believed that ‘form’ was not an ideal but instead found within an object or thing itself. This form is in an objects structure and characteristics and can be perceived using our senses. For example a car is made of ‘matter’ but all the bits of matter in it have a particular arrangement and structure as part of the car; they have a particular ‘form’, however, this form isShow MoreRelatedThe Most Significant Of The Scientific Theories Have Made Considerable Progression1372 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of the millenniums, scientific theories have made considerable progression. At times improving sluggishly, where at times growing rapidly and skyrocketing. Some regions unprosperous than others at times, while others majorly succeeding where other nations are failing. These peaks and valleys are what provision the evolution of theories. The most significant of the preceding times was the era of Aristotle the philosopher around three hundred B.C., who helped lend a foundation for theRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Nature Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagessubject of discussion is through finding its primary causes and principles, and then stem back to the root, its elements(Physics 84a. 14-15). To exhibit we have knowledge of a specific subject matter we have to display and vocalize the contributing components that describe the subject. Aristotle titles these principles, causes and elements as previously listed.Therefore, the knowledge of nature must arise wi th questioning principles. Aristotle contends that only the elements and principles can beRead MoreAristotle s Contributions Of Western Philosophy1124 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the greatest classical Greek philosophers still known is Aristotle. His contributions to Western philosophy are in the areas of nature, nature, logic, metaphysics, the soul, morality, and politics. He was one of Plato’s students and studied under him for twenty years in the academy in Athens. He started to lecture about his on top of rhetoric. Aristotle became well known for his philosophies he began to tutor Phillip of Macedon son Alexander. After the death of Phillip’s, the school of platonicRead MoreTragedy In Shakespeares Othello1519 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosopher Aristotle gave the classic theory of tragedy a distinguishable definition. There are various elements included in a tragedy, making it both successful and enjoyable. From the dramatic plot to the audaciousness of characters t hat create intensity, every element is necessary to construct the classic tragedy. This can be observed through action as seen in Shakespeare’s Othello. Shakespeare’s play Othello, most closely resembles the Greek philosopher’s theory of tragedy that achieves Aristotle sRead More Aristotle And Meteorology Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pages Thesis: How accurate or inaccurate were Aristotle’s writings on meteorology? Introduction: Aristotle wrote about many subjects that can be grouped into five general divisions: logic, physical works, psychological works, natural history works, and philosophical works. One of the little known physical works concerned meteorology. Aristotle’s views on meteorology are fascinating, but many of the views were not accurate. This paper compares only a few of his views to actual meteorological factsRead MoreAristotle s Views On Politics1031 Words   |  5 Pageswhere Aristotle’s is coming from. Aristotle looked for solutions in a Universal manner. Basically, the principles and solutions for correctness comes from the idea that they have to be natural more than conventional. The idea of the good from Aristotle’s point of view comes from observation, he believed that the good is the final cause(there are three others that will be discussed), and that everyone can understand judgement and collective moral action. Aristotle also believed that people need toRead MoreAristotle s Contributions Of Aristotle931 Words   |  4 PagesBiography of Aristotle Aristotle Headshot Aristotle was born in 384 BC, in Stagira, near Macedonia at the northern end of the Aegean Sea. His father, Nicomachus, was the family physician of King Amyntas of Macedonia. It is believed that Aristotle s ancestors had been the physicians of the Macedonian royal family for several generations. Having come from a long line of physicians, Aristotle received training and education that inclined his mind toward the study of natural phenomena. This educationRead MoreRole Of The Citizen And The Organization Of The Infrastructure989 Words   |  4 Pagesthe good citizen (Somerville and Santoni 75). The â€Å"least desirable forms of government,† Aristotle suggests, were corrupted versions of the best governments because they act in their own interest as opposed to the interests of the many (Sterling). It is in Book VII that Aristotle further elaborates on the polity, or â€Å"ideal city,† and the way it is composed (Somerville and Santoni 95). He begins chapter four by stating that the city-size of the state must be manageable in both population and sizeRead MoreDifference in the Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle and Their Influence.1213 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom that of his teacher. Aristotle was the student of Plato, and like his teacher, grew up to ground his philosophy from that of Plato. Although, both Plato and Aristotle criticized their teacher’s works, they were also influenced by them. Both Plato and Aristotle developed their own modes of knowledge acquisition; Plato’s Platonic Idealism and Aristotle’s Analytic Empiricism. In this paper, my objective is to identify the differences in the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, which lead to the developmentRead MoreAncient Greek Philosophers Who Have Helped Shape The World1350 Words   |  6 Pages twenty centuries ago, Greek philosopher Aristotle laid out the foundations of Western culture. The principles of Greek philosophy implemented its way into encompassing a persons point of view or their knowledge on society. Aristotle has helped improve and transmuted the world by his views on ethics and virtues he has instructed and justified thoroughly and the endowment of philosophy and science, whereas he created a comprehensive system of subjects. Aristotle has laid out virtues, which is the important

Renewable Energy A Pillar Of Kenyan Growth And Development

Renewable Energy: A Pillar of Kenyan Growth and Development MCR 601: Intelligence and the Global Strategic Environment LCDR Savery Introduction Although sluggish global growth will moderate growth forecasts, Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) stands out with year over year increases in GDP growth reaching 4.7% in 2013. One country that is leading the way as East-Africa s largest economy and SSA s ninth largest economy is Kenya, which has seen economic growth at 5.7% in 2013 a full percentage point above the SSA average. Kenya s economic targets for growth are as high as 10% under what is called Kenya s Vision 2030 development initiative. This economic growth target is part of an ambitious development blueprint, Vision†¦show more content†¦Additionally, difficulty is likely to be encountered in achieving developmental goals as Kenya has for a long time fallen victim to plundering of national assets whose development and broad distribution are essential for economic growth and prosperity. In this way, the newly discovered natural resources could threaten the success of Kenya s developmental goals. Neverthele ss, renewable energy will play a significant role as the driver of Kenyan economic growth and improvements to the standard of living and furnish Kenya with the large scale supplies of electricity needed of Vision 2030 s flagship projects. Discussion Kenya plans to make renewable energy its largest source of total installed electrical power capacity by 2020, driven largely by geothermal energy found in Kenya s Rift Valley. Estimates by Kenya s Energy Ministry indicate that Kenya s Rift Valley in Hell s Gate National Park contains as much as 10,000MW in total energy capacity alone, nearly seven times Kenya s current total energy consumption. To demonstrate Kenya s commitment to its Vision 2030 energy goals, Geothermic Development Corporation (GDC) began production in April 2014 of the world s largest geothermal energy production facility (810MW) at Menengai, in the central Rift Valley. Once complete, this single project will increase Kenya s total electrical generation capacity by 50% and decrease Kenya s

Service Business Management for Edward Elgar-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theService Business Management for Edward Elgar. Answer: Introduction The article explains in detail the issue of insincere audit by auditing firms which has become an issue of great concern by investors. The paper discusses the various case studies that have shaped fraud in auditing of financial statements by independent auditors. Failure by the auditors to conduct a thorough audit on companies` has resulted to huge losses by major companies globally. The paper expands that the lack of proper legislation placing more legal responsibility on the auditor in case they give unqualified opinion on the financial statements and they later turn to be fraud. Tesco used dodgy accounting to exaggerate their financial results so that investors could be lured into buying the companies` stock. The company was found to be have overstated the rebate income and hence exaggerating the revenues of the company. The other auditing firms also failed to detect fraud at Colonial bank which ended up becoming insolvent. Enron and WorldCom scandal was the most popular of these cases and it became the biggest accounting failure in history (Zimmermann Werner, 2013). This instigated the formulation of new laws governing auditing. This paper analyzes the roles and responsibility of auditors in any given organization. The paper also discusses regulations and deregulations in accounting as well as the impact. My view of the paper The paper analyzes the major cases in auditing fraud and the results of dodgy auditing activities. Auditing is a very sensitive process in an organization and therefore it is important that auditors are very thorough in their work. The auditing of a firms financial statements has to be done with the interest of the shareholders at the forefront. The big four auditing companies globally have been faced a by a series of cases where the companies have given a clean record on the financial records of an organization whereas there is a lot of fraud, misstatement, and omissions in the financial statements (Welytok, 2008).The auditing companies tend to create a warm relationship with the companies. The companies give handsome fees to the auditing companies and hence they end up compromising the standards of auditing and hence leading to an increase in these cases. Some auditors are personally responsible for the mess and they need to be legally responsible for the fraud and the misleading f inancial statements audited by their parent companies`. The regulatory body which is the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board should put more stringent measures to ensure that the interest of the shareholders is protected. The legislation should place individual legal responsibility on the auditors to who carried out the audit. This would help in increasing competence and professionalism in auditing profession so as to ensure that thorough audit is conducted on the companies and hence increasing the confidence of users of the financial statements who currently have lost faith in the external auditors( Great britain.2011). The auditors have to ensure that the companies` do not approve financial statements that are full of fraud. The auditing big auditing firms also need to take responsibility and raise the bar on auditing standards so as to save the investors from the huge losses that they have incurred as a result of misleading audited financial statements. Critical evaluation of role and responsibility of the auditor The auditors have a very large responsibility in protecting the interests of shareholders and other important stakeholders of the client company. The external auditors play a very critical role in scrutinizing and validating the financial statements of the client company. The audited financial statements of a company are very important to the lenders of finances and other creditors. If one of these stakeholders realizes that the auditor failed to detect material misstatements in financial statements. This gives a bad impression on the accounting firm and the company being audited. The bad publicity may come as a result of this failure and it may end up being very costly to the company itself and the auditing firm (Stachowicz-stanusch, Amann mMangia, 2017) It is therefore very important that auditors attached to a particular auditing firm have to be aware of the standards set by the regulatory bodies and the company itself. The following are the major responsibilities and duties of au ditors; The auditors are responsible for providing an opinion on the financial statements prepared by the company. The external managers are in charge of ensuring that the financial statements prepared by the accounting department of a company are in line with the accounting principles and standards stipulated in the International body of accounting and the Australian Accounting Standards Board (BrysonDaniels, 2015). The external auditor is not responsible for preparing the statements. They scrutinize and ensure that what is recorded in the financial statements is the ideal thing before giving an opinion on the financial reports. For this role to be played perfectly, the auditor needs to be very professional and independent. The auditor have the role of evaluating and understanding the internal control system. This helps the auditor to understand the major loopholes in the internal control system. This will also help the auditor to identify the most risky areas and rank them appropriately (Doyran, 2011). This will help to understand the The auditor has a responsibility of understanding the entity and the environment which the entity operates. The auditor needs to understand the nature of the industry in which the company is operating in. The auditor also needs to understand the challenges faced in the operating environment of the company and understand the items that are at the core of the businesses operations (Pietra, McleayRonen, n.d.). This will be important for the auditors to conduct risk assessment for the company and compare it with the other companies in the industry before deciding on how to go about their accounting work. The auditor also needs to obtain sufficient material evidence when making an opinion on the financial statements. The quality of evidence collected by the auditor is also crucial in backing up the opinion expressed by the author. The auditors have a responsibility of being independent throughout the auditing assignment. They should ensure that their independence is not compromised at whatever cost. The audit firms should not have a financial interest in the company which is the client. This will ensure that all the records are investigated thoroughly and a fair and true opinion is expressed by the auditor (Klikauer, 2012). This helps to raise the credibility and assurance of the external audit. The auditor has a responsibility of testing the documentation and supporting balances of accounts. The trial balances of the company and other testing documentation have to be investigated by the auditor. The auditor also has to observe and confirm the physical inventory to ensure that what is listed in the financial statements is actually what exists physically. Independence of auditors The issue of independence of either the external or the internal auditor is very critical. This is because the auditors are required to investigate the financial statement by the company and make an honest and true opinion on the financial statements. The auditors need to be independent from parties whether companies or individuals who have a financial interest in the company that is audited. The external auditor needs to be independent from the companies or the entities that have an interest in the financial statements of a particular entity (Hill Rae, 2010). The independence of an auditor is at the core of the code of ethics of the accounting profession and every auditing firms code of ethics. This is because the role of auditors in a company is to investigate financial statements independently without favoring any of the parties interested in the financial results. The independence of the auditor means that the users of the audited financial records will have increased confidence in the results. The scandals experienced since the year 2000 such as the Enron scandal has cast doubt on the independence of the auditors. This is because as discussed in the case studies, it is seen that the largest auditing companies have committed accounting failures that have been very costly to the companies and the investors (Beattie, FearnleyHines, 2011). Some auditing firms have colluded with the companies they are auditing to persuade them to compromise the auditing standards so as to accommodate material misstatements and issue unqualified opinion on the financial reports. New regulations need to be put in place to make the companies adhere to the principle of independence and hence enhance the confidence that parties have on audited financial statements. Regulations and deregulations There are very many changes in regulations that have been made to laws in the auditing sector to help reduce the failures that have been witnessed over the years. The audit/accounting failures witnessed since the year 2001 has necessitated an initiate to change the regulations of the industry and the profession to help increase confidence among the users of audited financial statements. Some of these changes have involved significant removal of some regulations which interfere with the ability of the auditors to deliver a true and fair opinion on a companys financial statements. There has been a call for companies to change auditors regularly. There has been proposals that an auditor should be given a contact of ten years after which their performance can be renewed to evaluates whether they are the best option. In the US, the Sarbanes -Oxley Act was implemented to deal with the issue of conflict of interest on the part of the auditing company Auditing firms were no longer allowed to offer consultancy services to their clients to present the conflict of interest. In 2005, the Supreme Court in America ruled that the shareholders must prove a direct causal link between the actions of the auditor and the decline in share price which has resulted to losses (Niskanen, 2007). The Public Company Accounting oversight Board (PCAOB) was formed to play a supervisory role over the auditing companies to ensure that the companies` adhere to the code of conduct and to other regulations regarding the auditing of public companies. The Financial Reporting council also plays the same role. Conclusion The Enron scandal brought about a new chapter in auditing of public accounts by the big auditing firms. The collapse of the company revealed many loopholes in the auditing of public companies financial statements. Many companies such as Tesco have found themselves in trouble with their investors due to failure by the auditors to detect risky areas in the company which have had a huge effect on the companies` books of account. Companies over the years have tried to cook financial records in order to impress the shareholders and gain a favorable price on their shares hence raising share capital. The auditing companies have failed to meet the auditing standards and have been lax in performing their audit functions and hence leading to many accounting failures. Changes have been made to help seal these loopholes by trying to place more legal responsibility on the auditors. The report discusses the roles and responsibilities of auditors and the regulations and deregulations that have been made to the on auditing over the years. References Beattie, v., fearnley, s., hines, t. (2011). Reaching key financial reporting decisions: How directors and auditors interact. Chichester, west sussex, united kingdom, john wiley sons. Bryson, j. R., daniels, p. W. (2015). Handbook of service business management, marketing, innovation and internationalisation. Cheltenham, edward elgar pub. Ltd. Doyran, m. A. (2011). Financial crisis management and the pursuit of power american pre-eminence and the credit crunch. Burlington, vt, ashgate. Http://site.ebrary.com/id/10478326. Great britain. (2011). Auditors: Market concentration and their role : 2nd report of session 2010-11. Vol. 2, vol. 2. London, stationery office. Hill, a., rae, s. B. (2010). The virtues of capitalism a moral case for free markets. Chicago, il, northfield pub. Klikauer, t. (2012). Seven management moralities. Houndmills, basingstoke, hampshire, palgrave macmillan. Niskanen, w. A. (2007). After enron: Lessons for public policy. Pietra, r., mcleay, s., ronen, j. (n.d.). Accounting and regulation [recurso electrnico] new insights on governance, markets and institutions. Stachowicz-stanusch, a., amann, w., mangia, g. (2017). Corporate social irresponsibility: Individual behaviors and organizational practices. Http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?Direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkan=1487257. Welytok, j. G. (2008). Sarbanes-oxley for dummies. Hoboken, n.j., wiley pub. Http://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?Bookid=24452. Zimmermann, j., werner, j. R. (2013). Regulating capitalism?: The evolution of transnational accounting governance. Basingstoke, palgrave macmillan. Http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?P=1514192.

Spring Break on a College Budget

College isnt cheap, and its certainly not easy to live extravagantly on a college budget. Normally at school, a meal thats not ramen or dining hall food is like eating a steak dinner. When you can barely afford a few nights out on the town, how are you possibly going to afford a trip over spring break? Luckily, weve all been there before. Getting creative over spring break is a science - it takes plenty of research and dedication, but you can find great results with a little patience. Here are a few tips on how to make your spring break just as fun at a fraction the cost.1. It’s time for a†¦ ROAD TRIP! Get your best friends together and go for a drive somewhere fun! Gas isn’t exactly cheap, but if you split the bill among your friends, it is much cheaper than buying plane tickets for all of you. You’ll get the best quality time singing your favorite songs, playing car games, and getting to know each other even better. Plus, you’ll get to choose to dri ve anywhere, whether it’s an easy hour or a full trip across the country.2. Another option that has become even more popular than ever is taking a relaxing cruise to exotic places. Whether you head to Jamaica, the Bahamas, or Mexico, taking a cruise is a great way to enjoy some great amenities and a great view while hanging out with your friends. They’re usually relatively inexpensive, and you won’t have to worry about driving or flying anywhere, making plans, or anything of the sort. Just sit back, grab a beach chair, and relax. 3. If you do want to go somewhere new and can afford to spend a little more but still don’t want to break the bank, head to a destination that is not as popular. There are plenty of amazing options that are still affordable and fun. Instead of going to Miami, go to Ft. Lauderdale or Daytona. There are still plenty of beaches around, and you’ll still get to experience the warm, Florida weather. Myrtle Beach, SC is another option where you’ll surely have just as much fun as your friends. With hotels under $100 (and even cheaper split between a few friends), you could be enjoying break in style with money left over when you’re back home. Whether youre just starting your search or youre looking for help applying, its never too early to make the college application process easier. Search to find students like you or contact a mentor for help with the admissions process so you can narrow down your choices and get a head start.